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Relationship between academic behaviors & academic performance:
- attendance and study habits are better predictors for high grades than test scores and demographics
- small differences in attendance can have large effects on performance
- time spent on homework positively impacts performance
- academic behaviors directly influence grades because grades often measure products of academic behaviors
- indirectly, academic behaviors affect grades by improve students’ ability to understand and produce high quality work and improve rapport between students and teachers
How does classroom context shape academic behaviors?
- can affect behaviors indirectly by enhancing other related non-congitive factors such as student confidence, student engagement, and student study skills
- can affect behavior directly through behavioral expectations and strategies
Strategies for developing academic behaviors:
- closely monitoring and providing support on student behaviors such as classroom attendance can positively impact them
- school-wide initiatives can work – especially those aimed at improving student-teacher relationships
- some other strategies (whose effects have not been researched) include:
- requiring students to write assignments into planners
- starting homework assignments in class to get students started
- providing clear and explicit instructions for assignments
Summary of research:
- academic behaviors are the most proximal non-cognitive factors related to student performance
- there are many indirect ways to improve academic behaviors
- academic behaviors strongly influence grades
- academic behaviors are malleable
- little evidence that working solely on academic behaviors can eliminate gaps related to race and gender
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Academic behaviors such as class attendance, homework completions, and active classroom participation directly and indirectly affect classroom performance. Because 4 other non-cognitive factors realize academic success through academic behaviors, there are multiple ways (direct and indirect) to improve academic behaviors. Implementing strategies for improving student academic behaviors can improve their performance.
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Preparation Steps
- Create character learning targets related to key academic behaviors
- Create learning activities and assessments related to character learning targets
Early Implementation Steps
- Implement learning activities and assessments related to character learning targets that relate to academic behaviors
- Measure academic behaviors to see how they relate to strategies and student performance
- Have students track data and reflect on patterns that relate academic behaviors to strategies and academic performance
Advanced Implementation Steps
- Use strategies like standards based grading tied to character learning targets to track and enhance skills related to key academic behaviors
- Have students identify the strategies that most improve their academic behaviors and incorporate these into their personal routines
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